The planning topic of the city in 11th Five-Year - the guiding strategy of primary school students'
One, the problem of
In today's higher education innovation day, classroom teaching reform is the key. The traditional teaching mode, centered by teachers, centered on class and centered on books, has not been able to meet the open requirements of modern education. Teaching behavior under the guidance of new educational ideas requires students to master knowledge, but to cultivate, ability to analyze and solve problems that students learn to use the contact point of view inside and outside the classroom knowledge organically, learn to study, learn to find the special education, found in the labor, experience of achievement feeling, and stimulate students' learning interests.
The new national curriculum standard, each course emphasizes the connection with students' real life, such as &ldquo in the "language curriculum standards" in the overall goal of the course; ” specially set up a goal: “ can carry out inquiry learning initiative, learning Chinese and use Chinese &rdquo in practice, "; the mathematics curriculum standard": “ effective mathematics learning activities is not simply rely on imitation and memory, practice independent exploration and cooperation is an important way to learn math. ” "science curriculum standard" is clearly stipulated: “ scientific learning should take inquiry as the core; … … personal experience and inquiry based learning activities is the main way to learn science. ” in addition, the current approach to student's cognition of the influence of the very diverse, teachers how to effectively make good use of these resources, promote the improvement of the quality of students, how will the life and students' learning and improve the comprehensive quality of work closely together, this is a topic worthy of the majority of primary school teachers.
From the view of the development trend of the school, only as much as possible to provide opportunities for students to explore independently, in order to better cultivate students' creativity, can be more effective and comprehensive implementation of the basic education curriculum reform spirit, so as to improve the quality of teaching, better teaching objectives. From the perspective of teachers' personal development, teachers should have the basic quality and skills of research learning in their own way of professional development. To guide the study of primary school students, teachers and students can achieve common development and improvement. In order to build a high level teacher team, it is also necessary for teachers and students to carry out research study together.
This topic and the research status of the core concept of related fields at home and abroad, the definition of the two
(a) the domestic and foreign related research of
1, international aspects: many countries in the world, especially developed countries, attach great importance to research learning.
Bruner research advocated “ found learning ” He stressed “ he found the importance of learning ” “ the modern curriculum reform, at least one major issue has yet to be solved. This is the basic concept of knowledge, an academic field, not only to grasp the general principle, but also includes the culture of Engaged Learning and research attitude, push the volume and predict the attitude of &hellip as well as the possibility of independent problem solving; … but it is an important factor on finding excitement. Here, the so-called discovery is to discover the correctness of all kinds of relationship rules that have not been known before, and the similarity between various concepts, and the self-confidence that comes with their abilities. ” he thinks, “ the basic structure of the subject to the students is the &rdquo that can lead the students to form the power of independent discovery. It is found that learning is the goal of training inquiry thinking, and the basic teaching material is the content, so that the students can learn through the steps that are rediscovered.
In the latter half of the 50s, the &ldquo was launched in the United States; the modernization movement of education &rdquo, especially the modernization movement of science teaching, put forward the idea of &ldquo and explore &rdquo. This proposition is the same as Bruner's “ finding learning ” like that, requires that we reflect the achievements and methods of modern science in school education, so as to promote the modernization of education. “ inquiry learning ” advocate Schwab stressed “ the process of inquiry and the method of inquiry ” focus on the cultivation of “ creativity ” The so-called &ldquo ” inquiry learning; is a kind of learning activities: children independently participate in the process of acquiring knowledge through research, grasp the necessary natural inquiry ability; at the same time, formed the foundation of recognizing the nature -- the scientific concept; and to cultivate a positive attitude towards exploring the unknown world.
In 1982, the United States proposed “ STS” education. That is, “ science technology society ” education has been used as one of the important learning tasks of students from the primary school. It encouraged children to do research and foster children's research ability from an early age. Laurence high school in the United States opened a "independent research" course for Grade 7 students, requiring students to do some research independently with the help of teachers. A study on the physical world was written in the attached middle school of the University of Tokyo, Japan, as a guiding book for students to conduct research.
2, domestic aspect: since the end of 80s, Shanghai has carried out the reform of curriculum materials in primary and secondary schools, and constructed a primary and secondary school curriculum plan consisting of compulsory courses, elective courses and activity courses. In the organization of activities of interest in teaching, some teachers can guide to carry out research activities and school students based on good form under the guidance of teachers to students to carry out research design based activities, such as the Shanghai Datong middle school “ "STS" (Science, technology and Society) research activities ”Beijing eleven schools in the form of activities opened in the form of “ Beijing residential community residential design ” courses and so on. Although this class of activities is only opened in some grades and part of the students participate, these practices provide experience for the establishment and development of research courses. Recently, primary and secondary schools in Beijing, Nanjing, Fujian and other big city is carrying out research study, the practice of Shanghai on the exploration of inquiry learning become more active, the development of Shanghai city will be the research course as the main direction and breakthrough of the second stage of curriculum reform.
According to the "basic education curriculum reform (Trial)" the relevant requirements, whether it is the autumn of 2002, according to the "Outline", or according to the "standard" compiled and published in primary and secondary schools teaching subjects, generally designed similar activities, such as mathematics comprehensive activities, Chinese comprehensive learning, many primary school also “ research study ” as a discipline development, has made some useful exploration. In some educational periodicals, there are some thinking about the study of primary school students from different disciplines and different angles. Such as the Hubei Education Publishing House published in 2003 the "primary and secondary research learning principle, method and implementation", Zhejiang Education Press published in 2004, "learning new ways of students' activities in selected cases", University of Petroleum Press published in 2002 "primary research study refers to the South" and other works, in Education Science Press published in 2003 "research learning" in the book, is mainly an overview of the research learning, research learning the basic process of inquiry learning, teaching objectives, study the basic principles, the basic methods of research learning. The curriculum development of inquiry learning, the instructional design of inquiry learning, the teachers and students of inquiry learning, and the evaluation price of inquiry learning are discussed. In the book "implementation and case study of research learning" published in Minzu University of China in 2007, the fourth chapter is devoted to the guidance of research study, and it is also a guidance for high school students. However, there are few literature on how to guide the primary school teachers.
In short, through access to relevant documents on the Internet, and search through the university library retrieval, we feel that the relevant literature at home and abroad, the research learning of middle school students especially high school students study results are more abundant, but the research results of the school's pupils are not very rich, but not deep enough, specific guidance for primary school teachers and the pertinence is not strong, for students studying strategies for learning and learning content is rare. How to guide pupils to carry out research learning, and lack of relevant theoretical results, we have identified the research strategy of primary school research learning guidance strategy.
(two) related to the definition of the core concept of
1, students study
“ primary school research learning ” under the guidance of teachers, combined with subject learning, pupils are primarily self-learning inquiry based learning activities, mainly relying on problems, taking activities as the main form, and taking inquiry as the main feature.
2,
The research of learning strategy is the teacher in the teaching process of the question as the carrier, the creation of a &ldquo ” scientific research; situation and ways to guide students to choose and determine the research topic from life and activities, the initiative to master knowledge, application of knowledge to solve problems; through the students take the initiative to collect, analyze and deal with information to experience the creation process of knowledge and learning, cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems of the teaching mode and method.
3, students study the learning strategies of applying guidance of cognitive learning theory, humanistic learning theory, creative theory and subjectivity education theory, to scientific and effective strategies to help guide the students to carry out research study, re planning of the teaching process, to construct innovation as the core target teaching mode, create a conducive to research learning the teaching environment, cultivating students' innovative consciousness and practice ability.
Three, based on the assumption and
(a), on the basis of
The China educational reform and development outline "on the cultivation of students' spirit as one of the specific objectives of the curriculum reform: “ change the curriculum emphasizes learning situation, rote learning and mechanical training, promote students' active participation, willing to explore, diligent hands, ability, knowledge ability, analysis and problem solving ability as well as exchanges and cooperation in cultivating students' ability of collecting and processing information, ” transformation required to achieve the learning mode of the “ ” pay attention to the cultivation of students' independence and autonomy, to guide students to question, investigate and inquiry learning in practice, promote the students under the guidance of teachers to learn actively and creatively.
Although ordinary high schools have already offered research courses, the implementation effect is uneven. Many schools remain on paper, but only enter the timetable. They are not regarded as a major event related to the future of the nation. High school students face the pressure of college entrance examination, their thinking habits and learning habits have been nearly stereotyped, and it is too late to set up research courses.
Of things people study habits and study ability is years of accumulation, not in a day, it is necessary to start from primary school pupils; because of age characteristics, strong plasticity, high enthusiasm for studyThere is not a lot of schoolwork burdens, time is relatively easy, their primary school stage of thinking habits and observation methods will benefit them all their life. In addition, the existing primary school curriculum cannot meet the needs of training students' research ability,
the theoretical basis is the cognitive learning theory, the humanistic learning theory, the thought and theory of the subject education, the creativity theory and so on, which is the theoretical basis of the subject research.
(two) the research hypothesis,
1, pupils are in the concrete operational stage, Piaget cognitive sectional Bruner segmented image cognitive stage and Dewey cognitive segmented free attention learning stage, one of the effective ways to obtain knowledge of learning by inquiry is the main form, with their interest and desire, now my school use different disciplines the good combination of materials, are the implementation of research study, teachers through effective in-depth guidance, can effectively promote the development of students' learning ability, in question, analyze and solve problems ability of great progress.
Study of 2 pupils, most of the time is not a person to complete, need to peer cooperation, through the research study, provides a good space more conducive to interpersonal communication and cooperation for students, for students to learn to communicate and share information, ideas and results, develop a cooperative team spirit, enhance interpersonal competence is very favorable. Through the experiment, the students' team cooperation awareness and a lot of ability have been improved to a certain extent.
3, teachers will be knowledge-based, &ldquo, preach, teach and solve &rdquo for a long time, and become the promoter, instructor and organizer of primary school learning. Therefore, the traditional relationship between teachers and students will be changed.
The goal and content of
Study objectives: (a)
1., explore the guiding strategies of pupils' research learning. From the three aspects of design, organization and evaluation, we will study the appropriate guidance strategies according to the four aspects of students' physical and mental characteristics, the level of cognition, and the inherent rules of evaluation feedback.
2. the students' ability to raise questions, solve problems and analyze problems has been improved.
3. teachers' curriculum resources development ability and team spirit have been improved to promote the construction of school teachers.
(two) the content of
1 the content of the study mainly includes the curriculum development of primary school students' research study. Mainly from three aspects, subject curriculum, taking Chinese, mathematics, and science as an example to develop curriculum resources. The two is to study the development of curriculum resources by integrating practical activities and the instruction of information technology teaching. The three is to explore the related research learning curriculum resources development from the perspective of traditional moral education activities: 22, primary school students study related teaching design. Mainly from the guidance of teachers, the form of organization and the teaching requirements of research based study to carry out research.
3 the characteristics and requirements of the role of teachers and students in the research study. It is mainly the change of teachers' ideas in the research study, the change of the role and the requirements for the quality of teachers. From the perspective of educational goals, students' quality and students' needs, the feasibility and necessity of inquiry learning for primary school pupils are discussed. Besides, the relationship between teachers and students is also discussed.
In order to ensure the achievement of goals, we must study relevant requirements for teachers in order to study the requirements for teachers' quality in the early stage, mid-term monitoring stage and later stage. 2. Students. To truly embody the dominant position of students, from goal to implementation and evaluation, all aspects are centered around the development of students' quality. Students are masters of courses, and students are a key factor in research learning. 3, research based learning itself research learning itself has the characteristics of suitability, clarity, and maneuverability. 4. School management. From the school management system, management mechanism and process, related system construction and other aspects to study. 5. The external environment of the school. The implementation of research-based learning requires support and understanding from all walks of life, such as the support of the family is particularly important. In addition, the active participation of other institutions and enterprises, such as media promotion, will have a positive impact on the development of research oriented learning.
Five, research object and method: (a) the research object: This research is an empirical study carried out in the Affiliated Primary School of Huazhong Normal University. Therefore, the relevant teachers and students in the educational and teaching activities are the subjects of this experiment. In the organization of education and teaching management and moral education activities, the research object is all the related teachers and the whole school students. In the guidance of research-based learning in subject teaching, the object of study is related to the experimental class. In the influence of off campus factors, the research object will involve some parents.
Research methods (two),
This research mainly adopts the action research method.
Six, the research process and the activity of
(a) preparation preparation stage (September 2006 - June 2007): 1. do a good job in the design and demonstration of the project plan.
2Communication and cooperation can make learning become the process of exploring truth by students and teachers. Teachers are no longer the only organizers of students' learning, but also become masters of learning with students.
In short, only when teachers actively explore, actively follow the new concept of their own system, improve their own ability and quality, and improve the existing teaching methods, can they establish their own teacher-student relationship suitable for their respective teaching.
(four), school management and other aspects,
From the school management. The routine student activities carried out by the moral education department are too heavy to take full consideration of the needs of the students' research study. In activities, we should promote the development and improvement of students' research learning, such as drum team building, young pioneers' activities and military summer camps. From the perspective of educational management, and to set up reasonable teaching plan, be taken into account in time and space, teachers, teaching activities, teaching evaluation, teacher evaluation and other aspects, give full play to the characteristics of the students of learning, respect students studying law, to improve the overall quality of students, but also have very significant meaning. In addition, parents of mining resources, and promote the development of curriculum resources, how to carry out the development of curriculum resources, how to play the school together, provide adequate resources to maximize the course, this is a proof of school managers can not be avoided.
Eight, the innovative point of this paper: (a), the subject teaching research study is helpful to improve the teaching effect of
(two), school management has a very important guiding significance for the study of
(three), home school cooperation is an important resource for students of
Nine, the transformation and application of
There are many articles published and awarded and exchanged at the related meetings.
Ten, the conclusion of the study and follow-up research ideas and thinking of
(1) it is difficult to guarantee the progress of teaching, and it is suggested that the flexibility of the activities should be increased.
(two) the teaching condition is difficult to guarantee, suggested that the relevant aspects of increasing input
(three) the flexibility of teaching time is difficult to guarantee, and the teaching office proposes to implement &ldquo in a proper time; an elastic curriculum.
Reference:
1, Tan Guiwen: "the pupils of learning under the new curriculum guidance method", "reform and strategy", 2005.10
2、 尹丽芳 杨新叶：《研究性课程应从小学开设》，《小学教学研究》，2005.12
3, Zhang Jianhe: "a few focus on research study", "primary and secondary school teacher training", 2002.1
