Discussion on the development of comprehensive practical activity curriculum resources in primary sc
As we know, the integrated practice activity is a new course, it is not a uniform text of “ &rdquo, not even textbooks; like other disciplines as "curriculum standard", professional teachers, it has gone beyond the strict knowledge system, beyond disciplinary boundaries, be arranged beyond the closed classroom etc.. How to carry out the teaching and practice of comprehensive practice activities and explore effective ways to develop comprehensive practice activities curriculum resources has become the key to decide whether the course is successful or not.
First, what is the primary school curriculum resources of the integrated practical activities of
From the comprehensive practice curriculum goal perspective, all to achieve the realization of curriculum objectives are all favorable factors should belong to the integrated practice activity curriculum resources, which includes not only resource package, reference books, teaching facilities and other material resources, including science experts, teachers and students of human resources. At the same time, it also includes various natural, social and cultural environments that affect students' learning and life. Only comprehensive and scientific development and utilization of comprehensive practical activity curriculum resources can make all these factors serve the implementation of integrated practical activity curriculum well, so as to promote the effective implementation of comprehensive practical activity curriculum objectives.
Two, the comprehensive practice of primary school curriculum resources development misunderstanding
Admittedly, the implementation of comprehensive practice course in recent years, the efforts of all sides, has made many achievements and explored a lot of useful experience, but in the course of implementing, especially the development of curriculum resources, many schools and teachers in the following error:
First, because of the lack of awareness and ability of curriculum resources identification, development and application, the current curriculum resources have not fully explored curriculum resources, especially rich and colorful material resources, but have strong dependence on conditional curriculum resources. Some schools even use resource packages and textbooks as the only curriculum resources. This leads to more repetition of data in each group, and makes the students feel monotonous.
Two) there are mistaken ideas about teachers' own cognition. They believe that only scenic spots, museums, historical sites and cultural relics are curriculum resources. They regard comprehensive practice activities as "outgoing visits" and regard curriculum resources as very narrow. This is a negative face to the course and deal with it.
Three) the development of curriculum resources is single and has limitations. The "guidelines" pointed out that the comprehensive practice has four designated areas, many teachers will study the community service and community practice, learning, labor and technical education and information technology education contents of four completely separated, what is more, there are places in the leading research departments, and comprehensive practical activities are divided into three types the course of information technology, labor and technology, research study to treat. At the same time, there are obvious tendency of discipline, which is treated in accordance with the knowledge system of the subject, such as the use of Chinese comprehensive learning to replace the course.
Four) think that the objective conditions of the school are limited, such as the lack of abundant library, the lack of necessary computer rooms, biologic parks and practice bases, which influence students' interest in exploration to a certain extent.
Five) being mobilized by parents can make many parents fail to realize the importance of this course. Children's extracurricular time is occupied by training, interest classes and various kinds of written assignments. Students can not have enough time to participate.
Three, the development of primary school curriculum resources of the integrated practical activities of
Although all kinds of environmental and human resources are very rich, it is necessary to guide the screening and screening of teachers to develop and utilize the curriculum resources. Therefore, teachers may wish from the following five aspects: design and
1) fully excavate the resources inside the school. Students are most of the time I spent on campus, the campus of every tree and bush, brick by brick, all kinds of facilities and all kinds of personnel, such as the Internet is a comprehensive practice valuable and rich curriculum resources. Students can be influenced and influenced in this environment. This requires teachers to do a thorough research and make necessary registration analysis, and build a resource repository within schools, which is very important for fully developing and developing school resources. Similarly, many things happen everyday in campus. Some students are interested in it. Some are experienced by students. If they are refined and utilized, it will be good resources to guide students to think and practice.
Two) identify and use out of school resources. External resources including cultural environment and natural conditions, and talents of various institutions, production facilities and services, including a variety of activities in the school students to reach the base, and daily activities and achieve their goals, to promote their own academic in the subtle level, emotional attitude and values, and the healthy development of the knowledge and skills for these applications, such as teachers, students will be able to promote active exploration enthusiasm and positive thinking attitude.
Three) to develop parents' resources in time. The parents of industry distribution is very wide, allowing parents to actively provide relevant courses services, information services, open the relevant places, such as the prevention and treatment of medical workers in the parents could carry out related conditions, please parents engaged in scientific research on the latest scientific dynamic, close collaboration with parents, let the children to practice, to enrich children's vision, to promote children's abilities to improve, it is very important.
Four) close attention to social life. The world todayThere are some important events that affect people's lives almost every day. For example, Tiangong ascended the sky, Wuhan's license plates on electric cars, and urban traffic jams on the way to school. These are very strong guidance for children to keep track of social hot spots and have knowledge and skills for children's development. Since the life of the child contact surface is not wide, once out of the campus, let them feel the beauty and ugliness, good and evil, to enable students to enhance the ability to distinguish right from wrong in the activities, and improve their practical skills, practical ability, communication level. This is particularly critical,
to children's physical and mental development
Five) make rational use of existing resource packages. Because the various resource packages published are very rich, teachers and teachers choose. It is also a very important way to identify and provide for the students to use.
The primary school around the country resource package is nothing more than the following three types: one is the teaching material, teachers to be thoroughly understand after selective use. Two is the background information class, these data relative to the original ecology some, need teachers to refine; three is the method to lead the class. It is the book that guides the students to practice and how the teachers guide them.
Four, comprehensive practice curriculum resource development practice of
Through the years of exploration, combined with the actual situation, the school open ideas, from the following aspects of development, has achieved a certain effect:
1) take the school as the base, and integrate the development of curriculum resources with all the activities of the school. Comprehensive practice curriculum is a course of national management and school-based development. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop curriculum resources according to their own resources according to the actual situation of schools.
1, with the characteristics of traditional school moral education activity and activity combined with the development of curriculum resources of
Have their own characteristics of traditional activities and school moral education activities and class team activities, such as summer camp, school sports, outing, military training activities, science and technology festival, Reading Festival, art festival, these activities are already rooted in the school, if the development and utilization of these resources properly, so in terms of content and organization the form, have accumulated a lot of experience for the comprehensive practice. These activities can provide a good platform for the comprehensive practical activity curriculum. Our teachers can only give full play to students' autonomy and avoid embarrassment of activities in the form of a comprehensive practice activity to organize students' participation. Therefore, it is a very effective development strategy to utilize the traditional school characteristics and moral activities to integrate the development of curriculum resources.
2, directly to the school activities as curriculum resources: Because of the comprehensive design practice of the independent, open and practical principles, if the celebration in 61, the three jump games and other activities, change the students' passive participation, let the students participate in independent design, to participate in the organization, from the register, the game activities of the sort, performance statistics and site layout ready, can let the student take, this is of great help for improving the ability of comprehensive utilization of all kinds of knowledge and skills.
3, the traditional school moral education activities and special activities as part of the curriculum resources development
Such as guide students to enhance self-care ability, safe use of electricity, to form a good habit of saving the educational activities, teachers can have each class according to different classes, each class in the school uniform under the theme of self design activity, make student activities more targeted. For example, in the process of organizing spring outing, students choose appropriate spring outing and spring outing locations, which are very popular with students. Students can also investigate and understand the play of different spring travel sites in advance, and then communicate in the class.
In 4, the school activities in the extension of a new theme, to promote the development of curriculum resources: For example, after the school organizes the classic reading, reading festival activities, students can be organized to carry out the reading survey research and other activities, the students can develop after the spring outing, about &rdquo “ food safety; theme activities, can be carried out using &rdquo “ pocket money; theme activities.
Therefore, as long as teachers are developing curriculum resources, they are organically combined with all kinds of special activities of school, avoiding wasting and idle of curriculum resources, and avoiding inefficient and superficial activities.
Two) make use of and excavate all kinds of environmental resources inside and outside school, establish the coordination and sharing mechanism of all kinds of resources inside and outside school. We know that the overall development of human beings needs to be affected by environmental impact, education and genetic factors. From the perspective of curriculum resources, the rational development and utilization of the curriculum resources will make the curriculum resources very rich.
1. The environmental resources of the campus. The environmental resources of the campus include three parts. In particular, the first is the resources that serve the teaching directly. Such as laboratory, library, special classroom, practice base and so on. The second is the hidden resources, mainly including teachers and students concerned, traditional culture, style of study, school, campus greening etc.. In addition, some dominant resources, such as discussion, publicity poster, campus TV etc..
2. Family environmental resources. The family environment teaching resources are very important for the students to learn habits and other personality qualities, and are also an indispensable resource for the comprehensive practice. Generally, it consists of three parts. First, parent resourcesThe parents' cultural cultivation, behavior habits, interests and ways of life are all affecting the children's ideal pursuit and the formation of values. The two is family resources. All kinds of family facilities, consumption habits, leisure ways, neighbourhood relations and so on affect the development of children's Multiple Intelligences and all-round development. The three is family resources. It is mainly the influence of family and friends in the family, and the role of their example can not be ignored.
3. Community environmental resources. Let the students go out of the closed campus and walk into the big class of heaven and earth, so that the students can be brought into the colorful community life and family life. Let the students apply the knowledge and wisdom of the subject to the real life. In this way, the comprehensive practice activity curriculum resources are more abundant than any other subject. Specifically, the following activities can be carried out. First of all, we can understand local economic development and community economic life, carry out diversified social research and social surveys. The second is to participate in the community construction, to inherit the community and the cultural tradition of the local ethnic groups, and to experience the local history and culture again. In addition, there is also a sense of home geographical customs.
4. Domestic environmental resources. China has a vast territory, has a long history and a splendid culture, from which we can develop the curriculum resources, such as: great achievements in economic construction, industrial and agricultural production, the development of science and technology, military achievement, students can become the subject of the study, as well as a brilliant history and culture of China and charming natural scenery also, students are interested in resources.
Three) taking the birth as the base, the students are the fresh curriculum resources in the comprehensive practice. The guiding outline points out that comprehensive practice activities respect students' interests and hobbies, and pay attention to students' autonomy. The students themselves choose the goals, contents and ways of learning, and guide teachers themselves to decide the presentation way of activities. Teachers only conduct necessary guidance for them, and do not take students' activities into consideration. Therefore, if we can make full use of innocence Lovely Innocence division, playful tours, there will be a rich curriculum resources.
Pay attention to the common interests of the students and create the theme of the activities. Students' interest is the motivation of students' study. According to the students' interest points and effectively catching the development of the theme, the students' enthusiasm for participation will be unprecedentedly high. Lead the students into the community, organize students to participate in some of the reports, design a good newspaper, television programs, cultivating students' interest, will produce very good theme. At the same time, the life of students is quite different from that of teachers. If teachers go deep into the students and understand their interests, they will find the theme easy to operate and students to welcome. If a teacher sees that students often play various cards, they develop the theme of "card era". Some students like to play Yo Yo, and teachers have designed the theme of Yo Yo learning, which is very interesting for students.
In short, as long as teachers make reasonable use of surrounding resources and start from students' interests, they will develop colorful themes of activities, so that students can fully feel the joy and charm of comprehensive practical activities.
Four) the reasonable and effective development and use of resources.
The current number of institutions and experts for comprehensive practice effectively carry out the preparation of some materials, such as only the city of Wuhan, in the use of primary school have educational science publishing house of the "integrated practice resources package", Capital Normal University Press published "comprehensive practical activities", Huazhong Normal University Press published "integrated practice" Hubei Province, Department of the "integrated practice" teaching material. These are good teaching resources for our teachers in implementation. In addition, many schools have their own school-based textbooks, which can be abandoned by teachers, and also provide abundant materials for comprehensive practical activity curriculum resources.
In addition, the international environment, network resources and other space-time resources are also an indispensable part of the curriculum resources of comprehensive practical activities.
To sum up, under the guidance of teachers, students and to explore the nature, experience and integrate into society, understanding and self perfection, development and utilization of curriculum resources of the integrated practical activities, to cultivate students' problem consciousness, cooperation consciousness and practice ability, has the very big help. To make full use of the characteristics of the school and the environment of the community, the students' subjectivity will be fully embodied in their activities. At the same time as the comprehensive practice course itself is exploration and pioneering, it will accumulate rich experience and process data in activities in addition, due to the overall development of this discipline focuses on students, teachers and students to participate, strengthen the development of curriculum resources, put forward higher requirements for teachers education idea, knowledge structure, teaching methods, research ability, teachers through the development of curriculum resources, will promote their professional growth.
Reference:
[1] Tao Hailin. Primary School Comprehensive Practice Course Introduction Daquan [M]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University press, 2010.
[2] Li Chenzhi. The comprehensive practice course teaching theory [M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong higher education press, 2001.
[3] Zhang Hua et al. Research on integrated practical activities course [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai science and Technology Education Press, 2009.
